Lappet-loom



(No Model.) 4 Sheets -sheet- 1.

J. W. CHENEY.

LAPPET LOOM. I

No. 440,943. Patented Nov. 18, 1890.

THE Nonms Pzrzns c0, FNOYO-LITML, WASHINGTG". D c.

(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 2. 'J; W; CHENEY.

LAPPET LOOM. v No. 440,943. Patented Nov. 18, 1890.

THE wnms'vz'rzns cu, mzmruruo WASNINGTON, u. c.

(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 3.

J. W. CHENEY.

LAPPET LOOM No. 440,943 Patented Nov. 18, 1890.

EiN ENI-EE (No Model.) I 4 Sheets-Sheet 4;

J. W. CHENEY.

LAPPET LOOM. No. 440,943. Patented-Nov. 18, 1890.

NrTEED STATES 'rricn.

LAPPET-LOOM.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 440,943, dated November 18, 1890. Application filed December 30, 1889. Serial No. 335,354. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, JOSEPH V. CHENEY. a citizen of the United States of America, residing at Three Rivers,-in the town of Palmer, in the county of Hampden and State of Massachusetts, have invented new and useful Improvements in Lappet-Looms, of which the following is a specification.

The object of my present invention is to improve the construction of lappet-looms, and the said invention is applicable on looms which are of ordinary construction, whereby a thread or yarn, or a series thereof, which is independent of both the warp and the weft may be,in connection with the warp and the weft as the said warp and weft are combined to form the cloth, interwoven into the fabric, the said independent line or series thereof appearing in the finished fabric to be seen as a distinctive mark therein; and the invention consists in the combination of instrumentalities and the construction of parts, all substantially as will be hereinafter set forth, and pointed out in the claims.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, in which similar characters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the views.

Figure l is a perspective view of as much of an ordinary power-loom as is necessary to make clear the connection and relative arrangement therewith of the parts constituting this invention, which parts are also comprised in the said view. Fig. 2 is a front elevation of the loom, parts being broken away. Fig. 3 is a cross-section thereof on the line 3 3 of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a perspective and sec-- tional view of parts shown in Fig. 1, but on an enlarged scale. Figs. 5 and 6 are views illustrative of the nature of the work effected by the improved loom mechanism of this invention. Fig.7 is a view illustrative of a slight modification of the construction to be hereinafter referred to.

In the drawings of the parts of the loom shown, which are as usual, A represents the warp-beam, and B the take-up or cloth beam; 0, the lay and batten comprising the reed a; D D, the harness-frames operated through means well known and usual. E, Fig. 1, indicates the Jacquard or pattern mechanism,

.through means of which and well-known connections between same and the shuttle-box mechanism (but which connections are omitted from these drawings for the purpose of avoiding confusion) the latter are controlled for properly controlling the introduction of the filling in the manufacture of fabric of more than one color. Tue said pattern mechanism and particular intervening parts, which are shown between the same and the needle-frame 10, serve to control the lateral movements of said needle-frame, and thereby the disposition in the fabric of the line or series of lines of thread from the independent thread-supply.

12 is the independent thread-supply, which consists of a bobbin mounted on a horizontal shaft or beam 13, along and in advance of the needle-frame 10, which frame 10 in turn is in advance of the regular harness-frames D D.

The needle-frame 10 is a rectangular frame, which may be similar to the outer or surrounding part of the harness or heald, and as a harness frame this frame 1.0 is suspended through the cords 14 from the overhead sheaves, the lower ends of the cords carrying a counterbalance-weight 15. (See Fig. 2.) To the lower part of the needleframe 10 is attached the upper end of a flexible connection 16, to the lower end of which is connected the forward end of a lever 17, which at its rear end is pivoted to the frame of the loom. A cam 18 on the main shaft x, which engages with an intermediate part of said lever 17, causing a regular swinging or reciprocating movement thereof, insures the vertical reciprocating movements of the needle frame.

The needle-frame is provided with an arm 20, extending forwardly from an upper portion of its face, in the forward extremity of which is the vertical eye-pointed needle d, and its vertical line of movement is in aplane very near that occupied by the lay and the reed thereon when such parts are in their rearmost position.

In advance of and parallel with the needleframe is a horizontal bar 22, provided with separated and forwardly-proj ected extensions 23,,the extremities of which are downwardly extended infect 24, which stand across the warp, and the said extensions are so arranged that the space between them is coincident with the needle, and the said extensions 23, with the bar carrying same, have a motion across the warp in consonance with the lateral motion-of the needle-frame and needle.

It will be noticed that the reed a, in a line from the front to the rear of the machine through the needle and a little to each side of the needle, is cut out as to a number of the wires thereof, the cut-out being as to the upper portions of the reed-wires, the lower portions thereof, however, standing in a row above the surface of the lay-beam, as seen at z in Figs. 1, 2, and 4. The width of the cutout part of the reed is to be as great as any required extent of the lateral bodily movement of the needle.

It will now be understood with reference to the operation of the improved loom that as the shed is formed in the warp the needle carrying in the eye at its point'an intermediate part of the independent thread is through the motion of the carrying-frame moved downwardly with such thread, as indicated by the dotted line at 3/ in Fig. 3, the forward portion of the said independent thread being confined in the made fabric, as at 25, and with the said thread in such disposition (which is, as far as it relates to the track of the shuttle, practically the same as the lower series in the shed of the warp) the weft may be shot over said independent thread. After the needle-frame next rises, carrying the needle so that its point is above the warp-shed, the carrying-frame 10 therefor is then moved laterally, moving the needle across the warp a distance equal to the width of one or more warp-threads, the opening through the reed permitting the lateral swinging of the forward port-ion of the said independent thread, which swings from its point of engagement with the last battened weft-thread as its center. The needle having shifted laterally, then carrying the thread downwardly, the weftis again shot over same, and so on, and,as plain,the said independent thread is interwoven with the warp and weft to form a line along the run of the goods, which may be a regular sinuous line if the needle be regularly reciprocated laterally; or it may be a line of an indefinite number of modifications, as to one understanding the principle of the invention may be apparent. For instance, irregularly-recurring lateral movements may be imparted to the needle, whereby its effect is correspondingly seen in the finished fabric, and it is of course possible, by permitting the lateral movements of the needle-support to cease intermittingly, to have the independent thread woven in the weft along the longitudinal line of some particular warp-thread for a desired distance, as seen at 26, Fig. 6, between the detours 27 27.

Theextensi'ons 2 ,-provided with the feet having a considerable lateral extent, substantially as shown, serve to keep the warpthreads under and about the needle taut as the upper series forming the shed reaches its highest plane and comes in contact with the bottom of the said feet, whereby one warpthread will not overlie another, and whereby the warp-threads are held in parallelism, so that the needle may readily enter between two distinctly-separated warp-threads.

The novelty in connection with the bobbin for holding the independent thread consists in the cont-rivances combined therewith, whereby recoil or take-up capabilities are imparted thereto, so that a proper proportion of the thread unwound from the. bobbin at each downward movement of the needle will also be rewound on the bobbin on the return move ment of the needle-that is, at each descent of the needle a length of thread is unwound from the bobbin considerably in excess of the amount woven into the cloth at each reciprocation of the loom parts; and to establish the capability in the bobbin for taking up or rewinding after each unwinding of thread from the bobbin of the proper proportionate amount of such unwound thread I provide mechanism in relation thereto as follows:

The bobbin-spool m is rotatable on the said beam 13. A spring 30 is by one end secured to the bobbin and by several convolutions thereof encircles the shaft, its other end being connected to a cylindrical casing 32 or barrel loosely surrounding the shaft, which incloses a portion of the said shaft and the encircling spring. NVhen the bobbin is in its condition as having wound up all excess of thread thereon, the encircling spring 30 is in a condition which will permit of its being yet more wound up. A weighted or spring-constrained tension-cord 33 is by an intermediate part thereof engaged with the periphery of the said barrel.

In the usual operation of the loom as the thread is drawn off from the bobbin by the needle in its vertical movements the bobbin is rotated for awhile, winding up its spring until the reaction thereof on the bobbin is as great as the tension caused by the tension device upon the barrel, when the bobbin and the barrel (through the medium of the then wound-up spring acting as a tie connection or clutch between the bobbin and barrel) both rotate as one on the shaft and are capable of so moving in an indefinite degree. Then as the needle rises after the weft has been shot across and over the said thread the reaction of the spring in the bobbin insures a returning of the bobbin upon and in relation to the shaft and barrel to wind up the slack thread. The bobbin is to be as to the compression of its spring in relation to the tension so adjusted that a quantity of thread will be unwound against the compression of the spring as is necessary to be freed to permit the movements of the needle, as described, while the amount of thread further drawn off from the bobbin after such a compression of the spring has been reached as is equal to the tension on the barrel (and during the time the bobbin, barrel, and spring move toas well be imparted to the rod 53 gether in unison without effect the one upon the other) is substantially the quantity of thread from the bobbin that is woven into the fabric at the one reciprocatory movement of the loom.

The mechanism for securing the lateral reciprocatory motion of the needle-frame and also of the beam 22, carrying the extensions and guard-feet 24, is clearly shown in Figs. 1 and 2. It will be noticed that the said beam 22 toward the ends of the loom is supported to freely slide in bearings of brackets 35, affixed to the frame, and the needle-frame 10 is adapted by the engagement of the eyes 36 on the suspension-cords 14 with the horizontally-extended backs of the staples 37 on the needle-frame to have a laterally-sliding motion or motion across the run of the warp, which is entirely independent of its verticallyreeiprocating motion. The reciprocating motion is imparted by the connection with the crank 40 on the rotating shaft 42 of the rod 43, which by its inner end has an angular arm 44, which is supported to freely slide in horizontal ways 46, formed on or attached to the main frame, and the said horizontal arm 44 of the rod has an engagement with the said needle-frame and the said beam 22, whereby the said frame and beam.

It is of course plain that if a slow regular rotation of the shaft 42 be given a regular sinuous line in the fabric will be produced, the detours being uniform, as, for instance, as seen in Fig. 5, and it will be further seen that by adjusting the connection of the rod on the crank-arm farther or nearer from the center of said arm a greater or less lateral throw of the needle-frame and the guardfeet 24 may be insured, whereby the detours may be greater or less, as desired.

It will be noticed that the crank-arm 40 is of a peculiar construction, being comprised in a member 48, which is attached to the shaft, continuing radially therefrom for a short dis tance and then horizontally turned parallel with the axis, and then in a return-bend 49 is carried parallel with the member 48 across the produced axis of said shaft. Said outer arm is slotted, as shown, so that the adjustable connection of the rod 43 with the said arm may be readily made by means of a bolt or pin and nut. Upon the said shaft is a ratchet-wheel 50, and 52 represents an act-uating-pawl hung upon one arm of an elbowlever g, which is pivotally connected on the frame, and to the other arm of the said elbow-lever the upper end of a connecting-rod.

53 is attached, which by its lower end is secured to the free end of a lever 54, pivoted to swing in a vertical plane, and receiving its reciprocatory motion from the cam 55 on the main shaft. This reciprocating motion may by providing an eccentric or crank pin on the shaft tr, with which the said rod engages.

56 represents aweighted friction-band passits motions control the motions of ing over a sheave 57 on the crank-shaft 42, whereby said pawl-actuated shaft will not be unduly rotated under momentum from the pawl and will only be moved as positively forced forward by said pawl.

By providing mechanism for automatically raising the pawl out of its plane of engagement with the ratchet-wheel 50 the needleframe may be intermittently caused to rise and fall without having any lateral movement, and by such provision the thread will be for a length woven into the fabric as if it were a warp-thread, and the course of such thread under these conditions, as has already been alluded to, is indicated in Fig. 6.

60 represents an angular lever fixed on the frame of the loom, having on its upwardlyextended arm an adj ustably-fixed extensionpiece 62, provided with a lug 63 to lie under the shank of the said pawl 52. To the lower arm of the said angular lever 60 is secured the upper end of a connecting-rod 64, which by its lower end engages the forward end of a lever 65, intermediately pivoted, as at 66, the rear arm of said lever 65 carrying a fric tion-roller 67, which is in a plane to swing with said lever through the engagement with the particular star-cam 68. On the hub of the said star-cam is fixed a ratchet-wheel 69, and represents a reciprocating or thrust pawl guided in horizontal ways or bearings 72 of the frame, and provided with a projection 73, as shown. To the rear of the said projection on the said pawl is a laterallyextended pin 74, against the rear of which the upper arm 75 of an angular lever bears, which lever at its elbow is pivotally supported on the frame, and the lower horizontally and forwardly extended arm thereof constitutes a weight the tendency of which is to cause the arm 75 to forwardly press upon the pin of the pawl 74.

76 represents a rocker-shaft having a fixed bearing in the frame and receiving its oscillating motion in any suitable or well-known manner, and on said rocker-shaft is a radial arm 77, the swinging movement of which is toward and away from the end of the thrust pawl70.

80, Fig. 1, represents a vertical rod suitably supported and guided and having its vertical movements controlled by the Jacquard pattern mechanism E in the same manner as are the similar rods 82 82,the lower ends of which are shown in dotted lines, which latter-named rods control the movements of the shuttle box-operating mechanism. When through the well-known action of the pattern-chain upon the said rod the same is raised, the arm 75 by the weight isswung forward, carrying therewith, through the engagement thereof with the pin 74, the pawl 7 O, bringing the same to the action of the swinging arm 77, which, driving the same rearwardly, causes the ratchet-wheel 69 to be partially rotated, and of course the reciprocatory movements of the pawl will be continued as long as the rod 80 is through the arrangement of the pattern-chain permitted to be placed out of engagement with the lug 73 on the pawl. The pawl is moved forwardly (for as long a period as it is permitted so to do) by the weighted angular lever 75 after having at each movement of the rocker-shaft arm 7 7 been driven back to force around the ratchet-wheel. It being understood how the action of the chaincontrolled rod 80 effects the reciprocatory motion of the lever 60 and guard 63 for the pawl, it may readily be seen that, by properly setting the chain and adjusting the connection with the crank of the rod for controlling the lateral movement of the needleframe and its guard-feet, a great many modifications of a sinuous or zigzag line may be incorporated into the fabric made in the loom. The other star-cams, each of which has a ratchet thereon, and the series of pawls for operating said cams, and the other devices operating in conjunction therewith and affected by the pattern-chain, which are shown in perspective in Fig. 1, and at the rear of the particular cam 68 and pawl 70, are as common in looms, and the said particular starcam 68 and devices in connection therewith for operating the rod 64, controlling the pawlguard 63, constitute an adaptation of wellknown chain-pattei'n-controlled devices to the novel application for controlling the said pawl for actuating the crank-shaft 42.

The description hereinabove given has been confined to but a single needle, but on the needle-frame in the drawings is shown two needles, extension-guards being correspondingly provided therefor on the movable beam 22, and of course any desired or required number of needles and guard devices may be provided on the same needle-frame and beam, while it is within the range of the skill of a person versed in the art to which this invention appertains to provide in the loom one or more additional and independent needleframes and needles and movable guard devices in conjunction therewith, and also to provide additional independent thread-supplies, substantially as described, and automatically-operating means for effecting and controlling the movements of the added needle-frame and guard devices.

\Vhile the suspension devices for the needle-frame indicated in Figs. 2 and 3 insure fairly satisfactory results in the running of the loom, I have devised an arrangement of parts which I may employ, interposing the same between the cam-lever l7 and the bottom of the needle-frame, which will render more free and easy the lateral movements of the said needle-frame, and the said contriv ance consists in parts as follows: On the bottom edge of the lower rail of the needle-frame I provide near the ends thereof staples 00, having their backs of considerable extent longitudinally of the frame. Below the said needle-frame I provide another rectangular frame 92,

which by its bottom has an engagement with the cam-lever 17, whereby it moves bodily up and down on said lever, and the upper rail of the said frame 92 has mounted thereon friction-rollers 93, which by their peripheries bear upon the said horizontal backs of the staples. The lever 1'7, swinging down, draws down the frame 92, and through its connection therewith the needle-frame and the counter-weight on the cords M 14, then, on the upward throw of the cam permitting the corresponding swing of said lever 17 draw up both frames 10 and 92 and said lever. Any lateral throw of the needle-frame may be had independently of the frame 92, and yet without disengaging the connection between the cam-lever and the said needleframe. The said frame 92 is made in two sections, the one of which is adapted to slide upon the other and to be confined by the bolts passing through both, all whereby the said frame may be rendered extensible, so that such frame, constituting the connection between the cam-lever 17 and the needleframe, may be properly adjusted and adapted to any changed conditions and requirements in'the loom.

As shown in Fig. 4, and as preferred, the arm 20 is formed by two sections 95 96, one adaptedto slide longitudinally upon the other and confined by the bolts or screws 97, where by the needle may be maintained in its proper degree of extension from the front of the needle-frame and in its proper relation to the rearward limit of movement of the lay and reed for insuring the most efficient operation of this improved mechanism, and in order that the needle may be adjusted horizontally with relation to the length of its carrying-frame I provide capabilities therefor between the arm 20 and the frame 10, which may consist, as shown, in the slots or ways 98 horizontally of the frame, and the bolts or screws 99,passing through the said slots and confining them when in adjustment by nuts. (Not shown.

As well known, it is common for weavers in attending looms to frequently grasp the reed-cap 102 above the lay-beam after the driving-belt has been thrown off to secure a stoppage of the loom and a resting of the lay in a desired position, either forward or rearward, and by the provision of the needles cl in the machine, into proximity with which the lay-beam and reed-cap are moved, the fingers of the operative resting against the rear side of the reed-cap are liable to be forced against the needle and to become lacerated. I therefore provide on the top of the lay-beam or upon the reed-cap the hand-hold and guard 103, Figs. 1, 2, and 3, which is so forwardly disposed that the fingers when grasping the same will not lie beyond the rear side of the lay-beam or reed-cap.

That I claim as my invention is 1. In a loom, in combination, a needle and a vertically-reciprocatory frame for carrying shaft, as 13, and a thread holding and supplying device for said needle, consisting of a spool rotatable on said shaft, another part also rotatable on said shaft but provided with a tension device whereby its free rotation is impeded, and a spiral spring by one portion engaging the spool and by another portion the said impeded rotatable part, substantially as and for the purpose described.

2. In a loom, in combination, a needle and a vertically-reciprocatory frame for carrying the same, a support carrying guard-feet adapted to overlie the warp adjacent the said needle, means for imparting lateral reciprocatory movements to the said needle-frame and the said guard-support, and a bobbin for carrying a thread-supply for the said needle independent of the warp and weft, having combined therewith drag or tension and recoil devices, for the purpose set forth.

3. In a loom, in combination, the reed of the lay, having a cut-out portion, substantially as described, a needle in a plane coincident with the run of the warp which intersects such cut-out portion of the reed, and a vertically-reciprocatory frame for carrying the said needle, means for imparting laterally-reciprocatory movements to the said frame, and a bobbin for carrying a thread-supply for the said needle independent of the warp and weft, having combined therewith drag or tension and recoil devices, for the purpose set forth.

4. In a loom, in combination, the frame carrying the needle, the weighted suspendingcords 14 therefor, and the supporting-sheaves, the rotating cam 18, the pivoted lever 17, engaged by the said cam, and a connection between the said lever and the said frame, and means for impart-ing a lateral reciprocatory motion to the said frame, for the purpose set forth.

5. In a loom, in combination, the frame carrying the needle, and means forimpartingto the said frame vertical reciprocatory movements, a shaft having a crank-arm thereon, and means for rotating the said shaft, and a connecting-rod between the said crank and said frame, substantially as described.

6. In a loom, in combination, the verticallyreciprocatory frame carrying the needle, and the beam carrying the guard-feet, a rotatable shaft having thereon a crank-arm, and a connecting-rod by one end secured to the said crank-arm and having by its other an e11- gagement with boththe said frame and said guard-carrying beam, substantially as described.

7. In aloom, in combination, the verticallya guard engaging the saidpawl, and auto matic devices for controlling the said guard, whereby it may be moved to carry the said pawl out of engagement with its ratchet and also to permit the same to return to its engagement therewith, for the purpose set forth.

8. In a loom, in combination, the verticallyreciprocatory frame carrying the needle, a-rotatable shaft, and interposed mechanism between the same and the said frame for laterally reciprocating the latter on the rotation of the shaft, a ratchet-wheel on the said shaft, a pawl having normally an engagement with the said ratchet-wheel, and a reciprocatory support on which the said pawl is mounted, a guard 63, engaging the said pawl, a lever 60, pivotally mounted, on which the said guard is supported, a connecting-rod by one end secured to the said lever 60, the lever 65, to one end of which the said connecting-rod is also secured, the cam adapted to engage the other end of the said lever 65, having on its hub a ratchet-wheel 6.), a thrust-pawl 70, movable in a plane to drive forward the said ratchet-wheel, and provided with the abutment 78, the pattern-controlled rod engaging the said abutment 73, a pivoted and weight-actuated lever 75, engaging the said thrust-pawl to maintain it in its forward position, and a regularly-reciprocating part, as the arm 77, for forcing the released pawl rearwardly, all substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

9. In combination, a shaft or spindle and the spool rotatable thereon, another part also rotatable on the said shaft, but provided with a tension device whereby its free rotation on the shaft is impeded, and a spiral spring by one portion engaging the spool and by another portion the said impeded rotatable part,substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

10. In combination, a shaft or spindle and the spool rotatable thereon,a barrel also rotatable 011 the said shaft, but provided with a tension device whereby its rotation is less free than that of the said barrel, and a spiral spring inclosed in said barrel encircling the shaft by one end having an engagement with the barrel and by its other with the spool, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

11. In a loom, the combination, with a frame carrying a needle for controlling the thread independent of the warp or weft and suspension means therefor, substantially as described, and horizontal supports, as the staples on the bottom of the said needle-frame, of a sub-frame having rollers on its top, and means for imparting to the said lower frame vertically reciprocatory movements, and means forimparting to the said needle-frame lateral reciprocatory movements.

12. In combination, the needle carrying frame and the sheave-supported and weighted cords by which said frame is suspended, substantially as described, and said frame having at its lower portion horizontal supports, as the staples 03, the verticallyextensible IIO sub-frame provided with rollers on its upper portion and hung thereby upon said horizontal needle-frame supports, and a cam-actuated and reciprocatory lever engaging said subframe for depressing both the latter and said needle-frame on the downward throw of the cam, said frames and also said lever being moved upwardly on the upward throw of the cam by said Weighted SUSPGllSlOIl-COI'GS, substantially as described.

13. In combination, a vertically-reciprocating frame having a forward extension-arm which is adjustable along the said frame transversely of the run of the warp and carrying a needle, means for imparting lateral reciprocatory movements to the said frame, and a bobbin for carrying a thread-supply, substantially as described.

JOSEPH V. CHENEY.

Witnesses:

WM. S. BELLOWS, G. M. CHAMBERLAIN. 

